Identifying Key Problems Related to Business Ethics Within...

Identifying Key Problems Related to Business Ethics within Wal-Mart and the American Red Cross Laura Johnson PHI 445 Personal Organizational Ethics Instructor: Debrian Hughes January 21, 2013 Identifying Key Problems Related to Business Ethics within Wal-Mart and the American Red Cross (PART-1) As an Ethnographic Researcher I am writing this Article about Wal-Mart, a For-Profit Organization and The American Red Cross, a Non-Profit Organization to identify any key problems that are related to business ethics and to explain the ethical dilemmas that are found within these two organizations. Included in this article will the companys profile and history, and my own personal†¦show more content†¦The action taken should be to find out how this happened and in listening to the video they never answered that question. The third problem is, No Ethics, after reading and watching news about the American Red Cross it showed me by them not doing everything they are suppose to do in testing the blood and by not handling the donation money the way it is suppose to and running around the issue showed me that the American Red Cross has no ethical values. Since the American Red Cross works with volunteers they need to use the deontological theory which states that peopl e should stick to their obligations and duties when analyzing an ethical dilemma. (PART-2) Next is Wal-Mart the for-profit organization, which is a large corporate retail store that carries a variety of products at a low price. The store sells groceries, electronics, furniture, clothes, shoes, kitchen and bathroom ware and so on. When you shop at Wal-Mart there is no need to shop anyplace else. This being the whole idea behind this huge store. Here is a little history about how Wal-Mart got started according to Wal-Mart Corporation-Our Story, Wal-Mart stores, Inc.(2012), the owner, Sam Walton was born in 1918 in Kingfisher, Oklahoma grew up and married in 1943 then moved to Newport, Arkansas where he gained retail experience and eventually ran his own variety store. He then moved to Bentonville and opened a five and dime store then beingShow MoreRelatedBusiness Ethics and Global Economy10535 Words   |  43 Pages6433ch10.qxd_lb 10/19/06 10:43 AM Page 260 CHAPTER OBJECTIVES ââ€"† CHAPTER 10 Business Ethics in a Global Economy CHAPTER OUTLINE Ethical Perceptions and International Business Culture as a Factor in Business Adapting Ethical Systems to a Global Framework Global Values The Multinational Corporation Sexual and Racial Discrimination Human Rights Price Discrimination Bribery Harmful Products Pollution and the Natural Environment Telecommunications Issues Intellectual-Property Protection WorldRead MoreMonsanto: Better Living Through Genetic Engineering96204 Words   |  385 PagesBalancing between commercial and social objectives C A S E N I N E From greenï ¬ eld to graduates: University of the Sunshine Coast C A S E T E N Whole Foods Market, 2005: Will there be enough organic food to satisfy the C A S E E L E V E N growing demand? 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New Ideas Into Help with Term Papers Never Before Revealed

New Ideas Into Help with Term Papers Never Before Revealed If you don't are writing some sort of comparison essay or about history, all of your sources ought to be new. As a student, you should take note there are lots and a lot of resources for term papers. Hunting for full text articles means you're have the ability to read the full article immediately. Better still, papers should draw on quite a few sources, which normally boils. It's also wise to have a look on run-on sentences. Bear in mind that it might be tricky to begin and complete the expression paper without gaining inspiration from various other writers. The way to the perfect essay is by way of WritePaperFor.Me. Selecting an essay writer on the internet isn't as expensive as some people today say. You may also create a list of potential questions that may come up from your term paper topic and think of methods to answer them. If picking a topic is left up to you, we can offer research paper topic help. You should have a wide understanding of a subject, follow the demands and adhere to the academic manner of writing. One reason that you could be looking for assistance with term papers online is. Things You Should Know About Help with Term Papers Term paper help is a sort of internet research paper that's mostly provided by online research and writing services like for help to. Writing a paper will raise your competence in some specifically appreciable location. Term paper also acts as a tool to check your skills gained from studying. 10 Reasons to Use Custom Essay Writing Service You will get the maximum high quality custom paper that will certainly help you out when you want it. All our writers pass a considerable procedure to look at their abilities. You pay just for the writing process, so the remainder of the services come at no cost. If you are like most other students, you don't have a lot of time for creative writing and conducting an exhaustive research. An option to which mostly students elect for is to take assistance from an internet support. There are different businesses that offer to purchase term papers online, but the majority of them will hardly satisfy your expectations. The manner you could locate a dependable term paper writing service comes in a lot of forms. If you're looking for assistance with term papers then you're in the proper location. There are lots of inexpensive academic term papers written by students of earlier years readily available online it is possible to receive a sample to utilize for referencing purposes. Oftentimes, it is quite a bit more advisable to use term paper writing services. The materials which you will utilize to compose the expression paper will equally be on things which you had researched over quite a while. It had never been so simple to purchase custom term papers. Delivering custom term papers isn't that easy. Finding sources of materials to compose the expression paper will involve unique procedures and will be dependent on the essence of paper you're examining. In the event you would like to amend the paper further, you're qualified for a free revision. Whenever your paper is finished, you will obtain a message. Regardless you're going to get an outstanding paper that is totally original and customized to your requirements. Writing term papers does not need to be a trying activity. It is a fact that the research term paper writing process isn't something easy. A term paper or research paper is mostly a record of intellectual reading in lots of sources on a specific area under discussion. Great term paper writing in addition requires a lot of study.

Deterioration of a Relationship free essay sample

Throughout the play, we can see the titular character’s, Juno Boyle and Jack Boyle, relationship deteriorate , and how dramatic events in their lives and the lives of their children, Johnny and Mary, cause the entire family to collapse. The play is set closely following the signing of the treaty dividing Ireland into sections and features the resulting conflict between the diehards who want a united, free Ireland, and the free-staters, who support the treaty, with this conflict representing the clash of fanatical nationalism and practicality, of idealism and a recognition that what the people truly wanted was peace. The play also explores some of the relevant ideas of the time, including the poverty of the working class in Dublin in the 1920‘s, and how this poverty affected the communities that lived within the tenements of Dublin at this time. In the first act we see a great deal of conflict between Juno and Boyle. The root of this conflict lies in Boyles inability to accept responsibility for supporting his family, as he refuses to seek work and spends his days drinking with his manipulative, scrounging friend Joxer. Juno is forced to act as wife, mother and sole source of income for the family, the prime motivation for this character being to keep her ragged family unit together â€Å"Who has kep th’ home together for the past few years only me† This introduces us very early on to the theme of poverty in the play. The tension in the relationship is directly linked to poverty throughout the play, Boyle’s lack of responsibility causing conflict between him and Juno when their financial situation is bad. â€Å"Your poor wife slavin to keep the bit in your mouth†¦Ã¢â‚¬  We can see O’Casey present both the positive and negative aspects he perceives in poverty. We see him contrast the strength and ability that destitution can invoke through the character of Juno, and the pettiness and selfishness that only serves to further the poverty and drive apart the sense of community that collective poverty can create through the character of Boyle. However, the converse of this is also true. When, in the second act, the Boyles become apparently more affluent, we can see a greater degree of affection come to the fore of the relationship. The windfall of the will causes Juno to treat Boyle less as a child who must be nagged and scolded to perform any useful, or at least less detrimental, role in the family she holds so dear, and more as the head of his family, a role she previously fulfilled. This change in attitude is regarded by Boyle as him merely him finally getting the respect he believes he deserves. â€Å"I’m masther now, an’ I’m goin to remain masther† This period of happiness is quickly dispelled when it is revealed that Boyle has deceived the family, allowing them to continue to spend money that he knows they do not have and are never going to get. This demonstrates to us his inability to accept any form of responsibility and signals the end of the period of good luck for the Boyles and the culmination of the intertwining storylines of the play. In the third act the affection that marks Boyle and Juno’s relationship I the second act is dispelled entirely, only to be replaced by bitter conflict and the eventual dissolution of their entire family. Throughout the play, Juno’s main purpose is to support and hold together her family but in this final act all her efforts are worthless as the actions and attitudes of the other members of her family and those around them drag the family incontrovertibly apart. The first factor in this dissolution is Mary’s pregnancy. This in itself would have a bad effect on the family, with another family member to feed, clothe and house placing further strain on their finances, but it is Johnny and Boyle’s attitude to this pregnancy that does the most damage. She should be dhriven from the house she’s brought so much shame upon† Instead of trying to support his daughter through this difficult and emotionally strained situation, he instead seeks to drive her from the house and from the family. This anger’s Juno, and leads her to threaten Boyle that if Mary leaves the family then Juno will follow her, as he is attempting to destroy that which she holds to be the most valuable thing, her family, purely in order to protect his own reputation However, the final thing that convinces Juno the family is irreparably torn apart is Johnny’s death at the hands of his former comrades. This cements Juno’s decision to leave, she feel’s justified in leaving with Mary in order to help her raise her child (abortion not being an option at this time in such a heavily catholic country) as she is the only part of her family that is salvageable, with Johnny dead and her convinced that Boyle is beyond salvation. â€Å"Let your father furrage for himself now; I’ve done all I could an’ it was all no use he’ll be hopeless till the end of his days. This is the final collapse of the relationship, and we see the final outcome of it. Boyle is left unchanged, as the closing scene of the play showing him sitting drunk with Joxer, oblivious to all the dramatic changes in his life,. Juno, on the other hand, is resolute in her changes, she has finally been given the strength to leave Boyle behind and move on, she is able to recognise him for what he is, not a child, as she appears to view him in act one, because a child has promise of maturing, but as a waster who will never change and will never do anything but hold her back.

Leadership and Learning

Failure and fast failures are accompanied by far reaching consequences. These failures require individuals to solicit candid input from others, evaluate their actions, and diagnose their needs for improvement. In the process, individuals may lose their temper at a critical time, feel inadequate and fail to build a team in the organization. It is failure, not success, which pushes people towards learning.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Leadership and Learning specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, the moment after a mistake is usually the worst time to make a correction because adequate time is required to analyze the sequence of events leading to failure. In addition, individuals tend to be very distraught following failure; hence the reason why people will resort to other means to avoid failure. It is, therefore, no wonder that I agree with Asghar that Silicon Valley’s ‘fail fast’ mantra is just hype (para 1-7). Nearly all rough patches, obstacles, and setbacks provide one dangerously addictive possibility, which is to use shortcuts. For instance, when the going gets difficult, one may be tempted to take some cheaper escape routes as the case with the people in Silicon Valley. Despite the fact that the inhabitants of Silicon Valley proclaim that failure is good because it propels one forward, the people use shortcuts, for example, the use of growth hackers. Learning from other people’s failures elevates one in a better position that equips him/her with the capability to deal with and avoid the failures that may come along. Mistakes and failures are not unavoidable; they are an essential part of change and innovation. After failure, leaders are likely to make the most common mistake- attribution error- instead of trying to recover from the failure. The attribution error occurs when individuals assign blame or credit to some factor (s). Failure brings about neg ative feelings of disappointment and frustration. These feelings might be so intensified to the extent that individuals fail to learn from the failure. In as much as failure leaves one wiser than he/she was before the failure, history is replete with examples of those who evaded unwanted failures in their companies and organizations.  Evading failure blocks an organization’s chances of learning and becoming better in its way of handling issues. Failure enables individuals to have a rejuvenated spirit that aids in addressing hurdles as they emerge. In addition, such failure promotes open-mindedness among the staff members so that each department develops measures that can prevent paralysis of operations in case a similar destruction occurs in the future. For example, in a case where failure is attributed to infected software application, this prompts departments to brainstorm on feasible ways of backing up information, for example, use of an online network where important fi les can be stored.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In this case, the company develops a long term solution, but if it had initially used a shortcut in that all IT appliances had been installed through shortcut means, and an external party had been involved. The organization would not have the hands-on skills to solve similar future problems. In addition, commitment is important so that once a plan is strategized, it is followed. Organizations should have a labor force that is up to the task. In a bid to eliminate failures, there is a need to recruit people who show persistence in difficult situations. The staff’s response to stress and challenges should neither affect the customers, nor the progress of the organization.  I am not saying that failure is bound to occur once an organization or individual sets out to execute a certain project. Otherwise, it would be no use trying something that is bound to fail. All that I am asserting is that individuals should have articulate laid down strategies on how to execute a particular task/project. In the event that failure occurs, the organization or individual should not succumb to the failure, but instead, should establish means to come out of the failure. According to Funston and Wagner, failure and success are intertwined, and this is reiterated in the words of Lee Atwater, â€Å"in every victory is the seed of defeat, and in every defeat is the seed of victory† (133). Failure to anticipate failure only means that things will work out as expected. Yet, this is hardly the case, and failure to anticipate failure results in adverse effects that affect a leader’s capability to minimize the effects that result when failure occurs.  I believe that failure is healthy because it enables an organization to adopt proactive strategies that assists it to deal with future obstacles that often re sult in failure. These proactive strategies include, but are not limited to, setting goals, anticipating roadblocks, and recruitment and motivation. The process of setting realistic goals cultivates the agenda and desired outcomes. Goal setting helps the leader to search constantly for a smooth roadmap by finding opportunities that help individuals learn from past successes and failures. In addition, the leader embraces this process of setting goals because it is a means of enhancing performance as individuals aim to achieve laid out targets/outcomes. The staff will match the leader’s expectations because the goals will trigger the staff’s ability to lay out strategies aimed at achieving these goals. Since goals help one to stay on track and guide one’s actions in a systematic way, they should be specific, measurable, attainable, realistic, and timely. SMART goals promote growth in an organization compared to big dreams that will never be achieved.  Sustainabi lity of any business requires that the management is able to anticipate future roadblocks and understand how to bypass them. Some roadblocks are inevitable while others can be avoided using the right strategies.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Leadership and Learning specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Left unattended, each roadblock has the potential to destroy any successful business. Indicators to check for when determining an organizations readiness for future roadblocks include recognition of future problems, admission of possible flaws or weaknesses in the organizations, and contingency or alternative plans. Anticipating roadblocks enables an organization to develop a recovery process. This process is fueled by brainstorming new approaches to working, and it focuses on one’s strength to maximize effort and prevent performance deviations. Identifying deviations from standards of performance provides an important method of highlighting areas that are straying from a developed project plan and that require attention. The motivation of an individual depends on the individual’s perception regarding his or her capability to do a particular job. Great leaders interact with their subordinate employees to inquire if they are experiencing any challenges and how the leaders can help these employees meet their goals. Staffs need to feel valued, worthwhile and useful. The amount of perceived organizational and supervisory support is seen as recognition of their worth. When staffs are valued and supported, they become more committed and dedicated to their duties. The result is the creation of a lively work environment as the staffs enjoy the work they do. When the mutually beneficial relationship is established between the staff and the organization, the organization registers improved job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and performance. In most situations, it has been proven t hat sales can be increased by hiring more sales staff, re-training and motivating the entire sales force. Nonetheless, failure will sometimes occur even after placing all the mitigation procedures in place. Once, it occurs, an organization should embrace the failure as an opportunity to learn and improve. This can be achieved using different processes. In the first instance, an organization can review its project. Reviewing a project after its failure is very important because it enables the individuals involved in its layout and implementation to identify gaps that could have led to its failure. The review process entails a thorough re-evaluation of the plan initially laid down, and comparing it to similar past projects executed by other organizations or the organization itself.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More For example, if an organization is introducing a new product in the market but the process fails as indicated by low sales, the company leaders come together to determine what might have gone wrong with the process. If they speculate that people’s attitudes and perceptions might have been the problem, then an improved marketing strategy is required. Secondly, conferences allow different delegates from different organizations to come together and present instances of failure and how to overcome such failures. Such events are insightful because organizations can learn about different types of failure, their associated causes, as well as ineffective and effective strategies. Baker highlights the need for interacting with the external environment as a means to learn from past failures; thereby, preventing the recurrence of preventable failure (136). The external environment includes competitors and other organizations that have had successful stories about overcoming failures. An organization can organize for a conference with the theme â€Å"Fail Forward† as a way of preaching the message of resilience. Conferences allow different organizations to learn from each other using their own case studies on how to handle failure. In so doing, the organizations are able to learn from the various instances of failure by getting ideas on how to address failure at different levels and in different forms. Third, periodic meetings within an organization are imperative because they give the employees a chance to table their issues and receive updates regarding different issues. Organizations should use these meetings as avenues to learn from failure by giving employees the opportunity to table their failures that impede achievement of organizational and individual objectives. These meetings help individuals to understand the supportive structures of the organization in the event of failure. For example, when installing new IT appliances but then they get infected by some virus and important files are corrupted and operations of the organization are paralyzed, departmental and organizational meetings will give insight into the importance of backup structures, types of these structures, and how they can be used to retrieve information. Learning from failure helps individuals to reflect on the new reality, and it awakens the leaders so that they can be self-aware and understand their environment. There are numerous methods of control after a failure, for example, talking to the staff and establishing a conducive team atmosphere. Subsequently, this ensures any existing gap is brought to the attention of senior management. Works Cited Asghar, Rob. â€Å"Why Silicon Valley’s ‘Fail Fast’ Mantra Is Just Hype.† Forbes Magazine, 14 July 2014. Web. https://www.forbes.com/ Baker, Michael J. Marketing strategy and management. 5th ed. 2014. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. Print. Funston, Frederick, and S. Wagner. Surviving and Th riving in Uncertainty: Creating the Risk Intelligent Enterprise. Hoboken: John Wiley Sons, Inc., 2010. Print. This essay on Leadership and Learning was written and submitted by user Desiree Holder to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

okonkwo-a tragic hero essays

okonkwo-a tragic hero essays The novel Things Fall Apart, written by Chinua Achebe introduces an interesting character named Okonkwo. Okonkwo lived a life full of contradiction. His main goal in life was to never give up until he was successful and achieved everything he wanted, but then he ended up committing suicide in the end. Okonkwo can be thought of as a tragic hero. He has quality characteristics about him that everyone admires, such as his bravery, strength, and his desire to succeed. His fear of becoming like his father gave him this desire to succeed, and consistently motivated him to progress through life. However, he was always held back by his tragic flaw, being his inability to accept change. Okonkwos motivation to succeed was driven by fear. When his father, Unoka, died, he left Okonkwo with nothing. Unoka was thought of as a coward, and Okonkwo also feared that he would be thought of the same way. So in turn, having a failure as a father was just the thing Okonkwo needed to become successful in his own life. Achebe says, He was possessed by the fear of his fathers contemptible life and shameful death (18; ch. 3) Okonkwos success was based on his material acquisition and growth, and his power. When Okonkwo was still just a boy, he began his hard work of farming at a desperate attempt to earn respect. "I began to fend for myself at an age when most people still suck at their mothers breasts. If you give me some yam seeds I shall not fail you." (21; ch. 3). Here we can see that Okonkwo started adulthood, in fact supporting his family, at a very early age. He began to cultivate his farm before many of the other townspeople. This unfortunately lead to disaster the f irst year since the rains came early and much of his crop was destroyed. Okonkwo persisted. Okonkwo was a man possessed with succeeding. " Since I survived that year, he always said, I shall survive anything. He put...

How Many Atoms There Are in the Human Body

How Many Atoms There Are in the Human Body Have you ever wondered how many atoms are in the human body? Heres the calculation and answer to the question. Short Answer There are approximately 7 x 1027 atoms in the average human body. This is the estimate for a 70 kg adult human male. Generally, a smaller person would contain fewer atoms; a larger person would contain more atoms. Atoms in the Body On average, 87 percent of the atoms in the body are hydrogen or oxygen. Carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen together account for 99 percent of the atoms in a person. There are 41 chemical elements found in most people. The exact number of atoms of the trace elements varies widely according to age, diet, and environmental factors. Some of these elements are needed for chemical processes in the body, but others (e.g., lead, uranium, radium) have no known function or are toxic contaminants. Low levels of these elements are a natural part of the environment and typically do not cause health problems. In addition to the elements listed in the table, additional trace elements may be found in some individuals. Reference: Freitas, Robert A., Jr., Nanomedicine, foresight.org/Nanomedicine/index.html, 2006. Atomic Composition of a Lean 70-kg Man Element # of Atoms hydrogen 4.22 x 1027 oxygen 1.61 x 1027 carbon 8.03 x 1026 nitrogen 3.9 x 1025 calcium 1.6 x 1025 phosphorus 9.6 x 1024 sulfur 2.6 x 1024 sodium 2.5 x 1024 potassium 2.2 x 1024 chlorine 1.6 x 1024 magnesium 4.7 x 1023 silicon 3.9 x 1023 fluorine 8.3 x 1022 iron 4.5 x 1022 zinc 2.1 x 1022 rubidium 2.2 x 1021 strontium 2.2 x 1021 bromine 2 x 1021 aluminum 1 x 1021 copper 7 x 1020 lead 3 x 1020 cadmium 3 x 1020 boron 2 x 1020 manganese 1 x 1020 nickel 1 x 1020 lithium 1 x 1020 barium 8 x 1019 iodine 5 x 1019 tin 4 x 1019 gold 2 x 1019 zirconium 2 x 1019 cobalt 2 x 1019 cesium 7 x 1018 mercury 6 x 1018 arsenic 6 x 1018 chromium 6 x 1018 molybdenum 3 x 1018 selenium 3 x 1018 beryllium 3 x 1018 vanadium 8 x 1017 uranium 2 x 1017 radium 8 x 1010

Gender Roles in Much Ado About Nothing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Gender Roles in Much Ado About Nothing - Essay Example In the play the majority of characters including Hero, Leonato, Claudio and Benedick are characters who adhere to Renaissance ideals. In contrast, Beatrice stands out as the only character that does not conform to the ideals of the Renaissance period. During the Renaissance, man was superior to woman in all aspects. Women were seen as inferior to men. They were subservient to the men in the family and were expected to obey the men in all aspects of their lives. Men made all decisions and the women were expected to obey them. Women represented virtues such as obedience, piety, chastity, humility and patience. Renaissance society was a patriarchal society. At every point on the social scale, a man was the head of the household. A woman was controlled by her parents throughout her childhood, then, handed over to her husband who would exercise control over her until death. This patriarchal attitude can be seen in the characters of Antonio and Leonato. Antonio advises Hero, â€Å"Well ni ece, I trust you will be ruled by your father† (Act 2 Sc i). A daughter is supposed to obey her father even when it comes to choosing a husband. Leonato reminds Hero how to behave when the prince comes to woo her. Then, when it becomes clear that the prince was on behalf of Claudio and not himself, Leonato accepts the sudden change of son-in-law with no consideration for his daughter’s feelings. He demands that his daughter agree to a marriage whether she approves of it or not. Beatrice suggests that Hero agree with her father only if it pleases her to do so. She says, â€Å"Yes, faith, it is my cousin’s duty to make cursy and say, ‘Father, as it please you.’ But for all that, cousin, let him be a handsome fellow, or make another cursy, and say, ‘Father, as it please me’† (Act 2, Sc i. 52 -56). To this, Leonato says â€Å"Well, niece, I hope to see you one day fitted with a husband† (Act 2, Sc i. 53 -54). In fact, Leonato i s reminding Beatrice that she is a maid, an old unmarried maid, something that is looked upon unfavorably by the Renaissance patriarchal society. In the patriarchal society, a woman’s ultimate goal is to marry and be an obedient wife. Similarly, Leonato displays his adherence to the traditional male role in other sections of the play. Later in the play, following Claudio’s denunciation of Hero, Leonato does not heed to his daughter’s claims that she is innocent and wishes her death rather than live with a tarnished reputation. â€Å"Do not live, Hero, do not ope thine eyes, / For, did I think thou wouldst not quickly die, / Thought I that thy spirits were stronger than thy shames, / Myself would on the rearward of reproaches / Strike at thy life. (Act 4, Sc I 123 – 127). Even when the rest of the household believes in Hero’s innocence and takes her side in the conflict, he is convinced of Hero’s tainted reputation. It is only after Benedick and the friar swear they believe in Hero’s innocence, does he relent. Leonato’s love for his daughter only lasts as she protects his name and honor. Once it appears that she has brought shame, he wants her to die and put an end to the dishonor she has brought. Not only does Hero willingly submit to her father as his obedient daughter, she is also willing to submit to her husband as his wife. She is performing her roles as an obedient daughter and

New hollywood Cinema Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

New hollywood Cinema - Essay Example Earlier on, there was the saying that this was the eventual death of Hollywood. This did not only prove to be greatly exaggerated but also a misguided conclusion. Hollywood reinvented itself once again to a new market as a new industry that flourished greatly in changing the marketplace of the media. Major studios that previously dominated the media such as Warner’s, MGM and Paramount continued to dominate the industry. The idea of a movie was still retained as the industry continued looking more complex as days went by. The term Hollywood Renaissance can thus be reduced to denote the adjustment from one period to the other: from classical to new Hollywood (Madsen 1975; Thompson & Bordwell 1994; Solomon 1976) One of the main reasons for Hollywood to retain its place was the rise of the blockbuster movie. In production values, market strategy and budgets, Hollywood changed to a hit driven industry from the early 1950’s. In classical Hollywood, studios would release a few prestige pictures yearly and then would relish an occasional runaway hit. The classical Hollywood would mainly rely on A-class features in order to generate revenue. In new Hollywood it changed from the occasional hit to the well calculated blockbuster. This would lead to changes in the way movies were produced and the thematic topics and styles used (Schaltz 1988; Mast 1992; schaltz 1981). This paper is going to look at the film â€Å"The Godfather† as a product of the new Hollywood era. It is going to examine the film in terms of its industrial, social, formal, political and cultural perspectives as a new Hollywood movie. Industrial perspective Arguably, â€Å"The Godfather† is the best movie of all times based on its level of sales and thematic relevance. It was heavily promoted and advertised. Its production was a big and it had very profitable returns. The godfather veered off the mainstream conventions of a movie when it portrayed a different view of the mafia. It showed the activities of the mafia from inside rather than the American conventional view of the mafia (De Stefano 2007; Schiach 1972; Steinberg 1980). As a new Hollywood film the godfather gained acclaim from across many cultures. Not only in the United States did the movie achieve a lot of success but also in Europe and other places in the world. It has become the best movie since 1965 in cinema attendance. It also sets the pace for other new Hollywood directors and actors. Mario Puzzo had the manuscript of the movie written and passed it on to Robert Evans the production head of paramount at the time. Previously, during the era of vertical integration in Hollywood, such a manuscript could not be taken from the big studios like paramount, played all the roles in the production of a film. In classical era only occasionally hits were released while other movies would be screened all year in the cinema (Lincoln 2005; Silverman 1988) In classical Hollywood, during production a film would be made to a beginning, middle and an end. The godfather defied this formula and didn’t have a definite beginning or events that signified a point of central tendency. However, it had an end similar to that of classical Hollywood era movies. The conventional style of classical Hollywood was such that the actors are used to motivate viewers

Favourite Hoiliday Essay Example for Free

Favourite Hoiliday Essay The word Diwali is an incorrect form of the word Dipawali, which means Rows Of Light. People will celebrate this festival during Karthik (October- November). All Indians will celebrate this festival but different religious people have various opinions about it. The Hindhus celebrates this festival as a gesture of their joy because when Sri Ramachandra return to Ayodhya after 14 years exile in the forest following his victory over evil demon Ravana in a war and signifies the victory of good over evil. This is a day for which every child waits through out the year. Though it’s a festival for all people it is very interesting to young people because they savor most on this day. On this occasion everyone will like to wear traditional dresses. On this day my house is completely decorated with flowers ,candle lights and elecronic bulbs so it looks like a heaven twinkling with sparkling lights. I initiate shopping around 1 month before the festival, because it is not only a festival for us it’s a day where all of our cousins compete to look pretty, so it resembles the fashion show. Everyone will peer like angels dropped from heaven, I think two eyes are not enough see the beauty of them. On this ceremony my mother will prepare delicious food, the menu itself is really mouth watering. My favourite dessert is double ka meeta it’s very rich and delicious. The ingrediants added in this are bread, milk, sugar, butter, almonds and cashews. One of the only thing I miss about Hyderabad apart from people is food especially this dessert nothing beats this taste. when I eat this dessert it definitely comes into my dream because its taste is that superb. The thing that which sounds very interesting and elite part of this festival is bursting of crackers. There are plenty kind of crackers, but I like rocket and Vishnu-bar most. I am really excited while bursting rocket because it directly goes upwards with vivid colors and zooyi sound. It’s really a beautiful scene when all the crackers bursted and emits bright colours with variety sounds. In the night time the whole city looks like a stars in the sky. All in all, I go to bed with all these memorable moments in my mind. It brings a wonderful feeling into the heart and souls of every man, woman and  child. Everyone must celebrate the festival and savor the fresh feeling in it. New clothes, dishes, sweets, fun and crackers all these are part of this festival.

The Evils of Fraternities and Sororities Essay -- Argumentative Colleg

The Evils of Fraternities and Sororities Joining fraternities and sororities has been a long tradition among many college and university students within the United States. As the number of students entering colleges and universities grow, the influence and pressure to join fraternities and sororities grow as well. According to a research project conducted by Dr. Gary D. Malaney, associate professor of education and director of student affairs at the University of Massachusetts, â€Å"58.6% [of 413 students surveyed] reported having at least a few friends who belong to the Greek Area† (Malaney 2). However, the Kappa Sigma fraternity at the University of Miami in February 2004 was found at fault for the death of Chad Meredith for â€Å"attempting a drunken early-morning swim across Lake Osceola during a hurricane as part of a fraternity-initiation stunt† (Sileo 1). In August of 2004, the Psi Epsilon Chi chapter from the State University of New York was found guilty for the death of Walter Dean Jennin gs for â€Å"acute water intoxication during a pledge ceremony in which he was forced to drink alcohol and ingest enough water to make his lungs collapse† (Sileo 1). If fraternities and sororities are as positive as its members present them to be, why are fraternities and sororities mandating horrible things to innocent students? The truth is that many students know that fraternities and sororities are the wrong choice for the college and university atmosphere; however, they decline to reveal the truth in order to cover up this escape route from academics to civil disobedience. Among the many non-respectable rituals and ceremonies performed by these organizations, hazing is the number one reason why a number of students ha... ...du>. Roach, Colleen. Rev. of Wrongs of Passage: Fraternities, Sororities, Hazing, and Binge Drinking, by Hank Nuwer. Matrix: The Magazine for Leaders in Higher Education Sept. 2000 v1, i2: p84. Infotrac. Gale Group. UC Riverside Thomas Rivera Library, Riverside CA. 22 Jan. 2005. . Sharma, Angeli. Telephone interview. 22 January 2005. Sileo, Carmel. â€Å"Fraternities Fall to Stem Tide of Binge-Drinking Deaths, Lawsuits Claim.† Trial October 2004 v40 i10: p10. Infotrac. Gale Group. UC Riverside Thomas Rivera Library, Riverside CA. 24 Jan. 2005. . Storch, Eric A. and Jason B. Storch. â€Å"Fraternities, Sororities, and Academic Dishonesty.† College Student Journal June 2002 v36, i2: p247. Infotrac. Gale Group. UC Riverside Thomas Rivera Library, Riverside CA. 22 Jan. 2005. .

The Silver Linings Playbook Chapter 31

Letter #2-November 15, 2006 Dear Pat, First, let me say it's good to hear from you. It's been a long time, which has been strange for me. I mean, when you are married to someone for years and then you don't see that person for almost as many years, it's strange, right? I don't know how to explain it, especially since our marriage ended so abruptly and scandalously. We never got a chance to talk things over – one-on-one – like civilized adults. Because of this, sometimes I think maybe it's almost as if I'm not really sure the multiple â€Å"Pat-less† years have truly transpired, but maybe it's been only a brief separation that feels like years. Like a solo car ride that takes all night but feels like a lifetime. Watching all those highway dashes flying by at seventy miles an hour, your eyes becoming lazy slits and your mind wandering over the memory of a whole lifetime – past and future, childhood memories to thoughts of your own death – until the numbers on the dashboard clock do not me an anything anymore. And then the sun comes up and you get to your destination and the ride becomes the thing that is no longer real, because that surreal feeling has vanished and time has become meaningful again. Finally making contact with you is like arriving at the end of a long car ride and realizing I went to the wrong place – that I have ended up in the past somehow, at the port of origin instead of the dock of destination. But at least I finally get to say that to you, which is important. It probably sounds stupid, but maybe you know what I mean. The part of my life you once filled has been nothing but highway dashes since you were put away, and I am hoping this exchange of letters will help to provide closure for both of us, because soon I will drive back to the place I was before Tiffany contacted me, and we will be only memories to each other. I can hardly believe how much you wrote. When Tiffany told me you were writing me a letter, I did not expect you to give her two hundred photocopied pages of your diary. As you can imagine, Tiffany was not able to read me all of the pages over the phone, because that would have taken hours! She did read me the introductory note and then filled me in on the rest, citing your diary often. You need to know it was a lot of work for her to read through the manuscript and pick out the parts she thought I should hear. For Tiffany's sake, please limit your next letter to five pages – should there be a next letter – as reading five pages aloud takes a long time and Tiffany is typing up what I dictate over the phone as well, which is already too much to ask of her. (She really is a phenomenally kind woman, don't you think? You are lucky to have Tiffany in your life.) Maybe it's the English teacher in me, but I feel as though a page limit is best. No offense, but let's try to be c oncise. Okay? Congratulations on your dance performance. Tiffany says you performed flawlessly. I'm so proud of you! It's hard to imagine you dancing, Pat. The way that Tiffany described the performance was very impressive. I'm glad you are taking an interest in new things. That's good. I certainly wish you had danced more with me. Things at Jefferson High School are gloriously shitty. The PTA pushed for online grade books, and now parents have access to their children's grades 24/7. You would hate working here now because of this new development. All parents have to do is log on to a computer, go to the Jefferson High School Web page, enter an ID # and a password, and they can see if their kid turned in his homework on any given day or scored poorly on a pop quiz or whatever. Of course, this means if we are behind on our grading, parents will know and the aggressive ones will call. Parent-teacher conferences have increased because of this. Every time a student misses a single homework, I'm hearing from parents. Our sports teams are losing pretty regularly too. Coach Ritchie and Coach Malone both miss you. Believe me when I say they could not fill your shoes, and the kids are worse off without Coach Peoples at the helm. The life of a teacher is still hectic and crazy – and I am glad you don't have to dea l with this type of stress as you heal. Sorry to hear about your father being aloof. I know how much that used to upset you. And I'm also sorry your Eagles are up and down – but at least they beat the Redskins last weekend, right? And season tickets with Jake, you must feel as though you died and went to heaven. I think it's best to say I am remarried. I won't go into details unless you want me to, Pat. I'm sure this comes as a shock to you, especially after Tiffany read me the many parts of your diary that seemed to indicate you still hope to reconcile our marriage. You need to know this is not going to happen. The truth is I was planning on divorcing you before the accident, before you were checked into the neural health facility. We were not a good match. You were never home. And let's face it – our sex life was shit. I cheated on you because of this, which you may or may not remember. I am not trying to hurt you, Pat – far from it. I am not proud of my infidelity. I regret cheating on you. But our marriage was over before I began my affair. Your mind is not right, but I have been told your therapist is one of the best in South Jersey, your treatments are working, and your memory will return soon; when it does, you will remember how I hurt you, and then you will not even wan t to write me, let alone try to re-create what you think we once had. I understand my blunt response to your very long and passionate letter might make you upset, and if you don't want to write me again, I will understand. But I wanted to be honest with you. What's the point if we lie now? Yours, Nikki P.S. – I was very impressed with your finally reading many of the books on my American Lit. syllabus. Many students have also complained about the novels being so depressing. Try Mark Twain. Huck Finn ends happily. You might like that one. But I'll tell you the same thing I tell my students when they complain about the depressing nature of American literature: life is not a PG feel-good movie. Real life often ends badly, like our marriage did, Pat. And literature tries to document this reality, while showing us it is still possible for people to endure nobly. It sounds like you have endured very nobly since you returned to New Jersey, and I want you to know I admire that. I hope you are able to reinvent yourself and live out the rest of your life with a quiet sense of satisfaction, which is what I have been trying to do since we parted.

Blythebourne School Essay

Blythebourne School is a public school in Brooklyn, New York, that defies national averages for inner city schools and appeals to parents and students alike. The school is unique in its make-up, in terms of socio-economic factors and racial factors. The school is made up of a largely Asian and Pacific Islander community with more than 75 percent of students identifying with that racial classification. Another 10 percent each are Hispanic or Caucasian. There is less than 1 percent of the schools population that identifies itself as African-American. In addition, almost 90 percent of the children who attend the school receive free or reduced lunches, an indication that they are living at or near the poverty line. Further complicating things for the teachers and staff of Blythebourne is that more than 40 percent of their students have difficulty with the English language, indicating that many are not native English speakers. This school also has less than 3 percent of its population in individualized education plans, the programs formerly known as special education, to assist people with learning difficulties or special needs, including speech or hearing difficulties, etc. Testimonials about the school from students and teachers alike praise the school as a wonderful place to be with teachers that care. In addition, teachers at the school are more well-educated that their compatriots across the state. At the average New York school, 20 percent of the teachers hold only a bachelor’s degree. At Blythebourne, only 13 percent hold just a bachelor’s degree; 87 percent have a master’s degree. Most of the children at Blythebourne are of Chinese descent, first-generation immigrants, who speak English as a second language and yet they routinely meet and exceed state averages in test results. The school has become a charter school emphasizing programs for â€Å"Everyday Math† to make students more able to use math in practical terms. The school embraces the multi-cultural heritage and promotes it with typical grade school activities combined with Chinese language and history. As part of federal funding requirements through the No Child Left Behind Law, every public school has its yearly progress toward state-wide goals measured. The state sets a required percentage of students in all major groups and in all sub-groups that must exceed the base requirements of state achievement tests. If a school meets those requirements in all its groups combined, it is said to be making adequate yearly progress. School report cards indicate show whether the school is making their AYP (adequate yearly progress) in each of its sub-groups as well. In the case of Blythebourne, the sub-groups are based on gender, race, and socio-edonomic status. According to the school’s web page, Blythebourne is making AYP in all its sub-groups, an impressive task since most schools are not able to keep consistent results across the curriculum. The amazing thing about the Blythebourne School is that the results are averaging higher than statewide results even with children who may not have spoken a word of English before beginning school. Three-quarters of these same kids, by the time they reach third grade, are exceeding standards for English proficiency. Statewide, only 67 percent of third graders can exceed the standards. Equally impressive is that through all three grades tested, 95 percent of the students at Blythebourne school exceed the standards for math proficiency. That math proficiency is universal across the sub-groups and consistent, with almost no statistical difference between the three grades. In the spring of 2007, fourth grade students at the Blythebourne school were not as proficient as the class the previous year had been and fell short of the statewide standards, but only by a few percentage points. Perhaps of note is that the test results in English Language Arts fell dramatically in all three grade levels from 2006 to 2007. Proficiency fell from 90 percent to 76 percent in the third grade; 75 to 64 percent in fourth grade and 78 to 63 percent in the fifth grade. Statewide in fourth and fifth grade, proficiency was 68 percent. The reasons for the dramatic drop in results is unclear, but should be further explored. Parents who are contemplating enrolling their children in P. S. 105, otherwise known as Blythebourne, might want to further investigate these anomalies. According to other statistics, the other thing that may concern parents is the potential for overcrowding at the school. Current class loads indicate an average of 15 students per teacher, but because this is a public school and subject to whims of the school board and the ever-fluctuating population. However, there are equally valid reasons to seek out a school like Blythebourne. For example, the school has adapted to the cultural heritage of the majority of its students into its curriculum, allowing Chinese students to learn their new language without abandoning the heritage. Observers also say the school and its teachers work hard to actively involve students in the learning process, letting them actually observe ice melting as a way to understand â€Å"Cold† and often sacrificing administrative space to give as much room as possible to their students. The district has crushed more than 1,600 students into a building that was stressed with 1,200. Additional public schools have been opened nearby, but the constant immigration into the area leads the school to enroll students year-round. Another note in favor of the Blythebourne school is that students there actually attend school. As any teacher can attest, students can’t learn if they aren’t there. With a 95 percent attendance rate, students and parents in the Blythebourne school obviously make education enough of a priority that they get to class. By getting their children to school on a regular basis, parents with the school’s service area are showing their commitment to education. If that commitment follows through in terms of parental involvement in the school and follow through in their child’s education, then schools around the country would do well to learn from the Blythebourne example. Numerous schools cite lack of parental involvement and attendance issues as among the biggest problems they face. Based on the ranking system provided at one website, Blythebourne is in the top 20 percent of schools in New York. In that ranking, where 1 is the lowest and 100 is the best, Blythebourne ranked 81. For a public school with almost half of its students made up of recent immigrants, the ranking is phenomenal and any parent should be happy to have their child attend P. S. 105, Blythebourne School.

Common Job Interview Questions for ESL Learners

Common Job Interview Questions for ESL Learners The first impression you make on the interviewer can decide the rest of the interview. It is important that you introduce yourself, shake hands, and be friendly and polite. The first question is often a breaking the ice (establish a rapport) type of question. Dont be surprised if the interviewer asks you something like: How are you today?Did you have any trouble finding us?Isnt this great weather were having? This type of question is common because the interviewer wants to put you at ease (help you relax). The best way to respond is in a short, friendly manner without going into too much detail. Here are some examples correct responses: Common Interview Questions -  First Impressions Interviewer: How are you today?You: Im fine, thank you. And you? OR Interviewer: Did you have any trouble finding us?You: No, the office isnt too difficult to find. OR Interviewer: Isnt this great weather were having?You: Yes, its wonderful. I love this time of year. OR Interviewer: Did you have any trouble finding us?You: No, the office isnt too difficult to find. Here are some examples of incorrect responses: Interviewer:  How are you today?You:  So, so. Im rather nervous actually. OR Interviewer: Did you have any trouble finding us?You: As a matter of fact, it was very difficult. I missed the exit and had to return via the highway. I was afraid I was going to be late for the interview. OR Interviewer: Isnt this great weather were having?​You: Yes, its wonderful. I can remember this time last year. Wasnt it awful! I thought it would never stop raining! OR Interviewer: Did you have any trouble finding us?You: No, the office isnt too difficult to find. Getting Down to Business Once the pleasant beginnings have finished, its time to begin the real interview. Here are a number of the most  common questions  that are asked during the interview. There are two examples of excellent replies given for each question. Following the examples, you will find a comment describing the type of question and important things to remember when answering that type of question. Interviewer:  Tell me about yourself.Candidate:  I was born and raised in Milan, Italy. I attended the University of Milan and received my masters degree in Economics. I have worked for 12 years as a financial consultant in Milan for various companies including Rossi Consultants, Quasar Insurance and  Sardi  and Sons. I enjoy playing tennis in my free time and learning languages. Candidate:  Ive just graduated from the University of Singapore with a degree in Computers. During the summers, I worked as a systems administrator for a small company to help pay for my education. Comment:  This question is meant as an introduction. Do not focus too specifically on any one area. The above question will often be used to help the interviewer choose what h/she would like to ask next. While it is important to give an overall impression of who you are, make sure to concentrate on work-related experience. Work related experience should  always  be the central focus of any interview (work experience is more important than education in most  English-speaking  countries). Interviewer:  What type of position are you looking for?Candidate:  Im interested in an entry-level (beginning) position.Candidate:  Im looking for a position in which I can utilize my experience.Candidate:  I would like any position for which I qualify. Comment:  You  should be willing to take an  entry-level  position in an English speaking company as most of these companies expect non-nationals to begin with such a position. In the United States, most companies provide many opportunities for growth, so dont be afraid to start from the beginning! Interviewer:  Are you interested in a full-time or part-time position?Candidate:  I am more interested in a full-time position. However, I would also consider a part-time position. Comment:  Make sure to leave open as many possibilities as possible. Say you are willing to take any job, once the job has been offered you can always refuse if the job does not appeal (not interest) to you. Interviewer:  Can you tell me about your responsibilities at your last job?Candidate:  I advised customers on financial matters. After I consulted the customer, I completed a customer inquiry form and  cataloged  the information in our database. I then collaborated with colleagues to prepare the best possible package for the client. The clients were then presented with a summarized report on their financial activities that I formulated on a quarterly basis. Comment:  Notice the amount of detail necessary when you are talking about your experience. One of the most  common mistakes  made by foreigners when discussing their former employment is to speak too generally. The employer wants to know exactly what you did and how you did it; the more detail you can give the more the interviewer knows that you understand the type of work. Remember to vary your vocabulary when talking about your responsibilities. Also, do not begin every sentence with I. Use the  passive voice, or an introductory clause to help you add variety to your presentation Interviewer:  What is your greatest strength?Candidate:  I work well under pressure. When there is a deadline (a time by which the work must be finished), I can focus on the task at hand (current project) and structure my work schedule well. I remember one week when I had to get 6 new customer reports out by Friday at 5. I finished all the reports ahead of time without having to work overtime. Candidate:  I am an excellent communicator. People trust me and come to me for advice. One afternoon, my colleague was involved with a troublesome (difficult) customer who felt he was not being served well. I made the customer a cup of coffee and invited both my colleague and the client to my desk where we solved the problem together. Candidate:  I am a trouble shooter. When there was a problem at my last job, the manager would always ask me to solve it. Last summer, the LAN server at work crashed. The manager was desperate and called me in (requested my help) to get the LAN back online. After taking a look at the daily backup, I detected the problem and the LAN  was  up and running (working) within the hour. Comment:  This is not the time to be modest! Be confident and  always  give examples. Examples show that you are not only repeating words you have  learned,  but  actually  do possess that strength. Interviewer:  What is your greatest weakness?Candidate:  I am overzealous (work too hard) and become nervous when my co-workers are not pulling their weight (doing their job). However, I am aware of this problem, and before I say anything to anyone, I ask myself why the colleague is having difficulties. Candidate:  I tend to spend too much time making sure the customer is satisfied. However, I began setting time-limits for myself If I noticed this happening. Comment:  This is a difficult question. You need to mention a weakness that is actually a strength. Make sure that you always mention how you try to improve the weakness. Interviewer:  Why  do you want to work for Smith and Sons?Candidate:  After following your  firms  progress for the last 3 years, I am convinced that Smith and Sons are becoming one of the market leaders and I would like to be part of the team. Candidate:  I am impressed by the quality of your products. I am sure that I would be a convincing salesman because I truly believe that the Atomizer is the best product on the market today. Comment:  Prepare yourself for this question by becoming informed about the company. The more detail you can give, the better you show the interviewer that you understand the company. Interviewer:  When can you begin?Candidate:  Immediately.Candidate:  As soon as you would like me to begin. Comment:  Show your willingness to work! The above questions represent some of the most basic questions asked  on any job interview  in English. Probably the most important aspect of interviewing in English is giving detail. As a speaker of English  as a second language, you might be shy about saying complicated things. However, this is absolutely necessary as the employer is looking for an employee who knows his or her job. If you provide detail, the interviewer will know that you feel comfortable in that job. Dont worry  about making mistakes  in English. It is much better to make simple grammar mistakes and provide detailed information about your experience than to say grammatically perfect sentences without any real content.

Overview of the Sentencing Stage in Criminal Cases

Overview of the Sentencing Stage in Criminal Cases One of the final stages of a criminal trial is sentencing. If you have reached the sentencing stage, that means that you have pleaded guilty or were found guilty by a jury or judge. If you are guilty of a crime, you will face punishment for your actions and that is usually sentencing by a judge. That punishment can vary widely from crime to crime. In most states the statute that makes the action a criminal offense also establishes the maximum sentence that can be given for a conviction- for example, in the state of Georgia, the maximum  fine for possession of up to 1 ounce of marijuana (a misdemeanor) is $1,000 and/or up to 12 months in jail. But, judges often do not give the maximum sentence based on a variety of factors and circumstances. Pre-Sentencing Report If you plead guilty to a crime, whether as part of a plea deal or not, sentencing for the crime is usually done immediately. This is particularly the case when the crime is an infraction or a misdemeanor. If the crime is a felony and the defendant is facing substantial prison time, sentencing is usually delayed until the judge in the case can hear from the prosecution, the defense,  and receive a pre-sentencing report from the local probation department. Victim Impact Statements In a growing number of states, judges must also hear statements from the victims of the crime before sentencing. These victim impact statements can have a significant influence on the final sentence. Possible Punishments The judge has several punishment options that he can impose during sentencing. Those options can be imposed singularly or in combination with others. If you have been convicted, a judge can order you to: Pay a finePay restitution to the victimGo to jail or prisonServe a time on probationDo community serviceComplete educational remediation, counseling, or a treatment program Discretion in Sentencing Many states have passed laws that provide for mandatory sentencing for certain crimes, such as child molestation or drunken driving. If you are convicted of one of those crimes, the judge has little discretion in sentencing and must follow the guidelines outlined  in the law. Otherwise, judges have wide discretion in how they form their sentences. For example, a judge can order you to pay a $500 fine and serve 30 days in jail, or he can just fine you with no jail time. Also, a judge can sentence you to jail time, but suspend the sentence as long as you complete the terms of your probation. Special Probation Terms In the case of alcohol or drug-related convictions, the judge can order you to complete a substance abuse treatment program or in the case of a drunk driving conviction, order you to attend a driving education program. The judge is also free to add specific restrictions to the terms of your probation, such as staying away from the victim, submitting to a search at any time, not traveling out of state, or submitting to random drug testing. Aggravating and Mitigating Factors Several factors can influence the final sentence the judge decides to hand down. These are called aggravating and mitigating circumstances. Some of them may include: Whether or not you are a repeat offenderWhether or not someone was injured during the crimeYour background and characterIf you express remorse or regretThe nature of the crime itselfImpact statements from the victims The background report the judge receives from the probation department can also have an influence on the strength of the sentence. If the report indicates that you are a productive member of society who made a mistake, the sentence might be much lighter than if it indicates you are a career criminal with no real work history. Consecutive and Current Sentences If you were convicted or entered a guilty plea to more than one crime, the judge can impose a separate sentence for each of those convictions. The judge has the discretion to make those sentences either consecutive or concurrent. If the sentences are consecutive, you will serve one sentence and then begin serving the next. In other words, the sentences are added to each other. If the sentences are concurrent, that means they are being served at the same time. The Death Penalty Most states have special laws regarding the imposing of a  sentence in a death penalty case. In some cases, a judge can impose the death penalty, but in most cases, it is decided by a jury. The same jury that voted to find the defendant guilty will reconvene to hear arguments for and against the death penalty. The jury will then deliberate to determine whether to sentence the defendant to life in prison or death by execution. In some states, the jurys decision is binding on the judge, whereas in other states, the jurys vote is merely a recommendation that the judge must consider before determining the final sentence.

Mathematical model of bone remodeling Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Mathematical model of bone remodeling - Essay Example In the humans’ body, some auto-crine and paracrine parameters ruled the bone reconstruction process for the bone’s good. For the regulation of the cell types,according to the theory that whether the cell has the nuclear envelope, which is the boundary of the nucleus, the cell can be divided into prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells (Manolagas et al 1995, page 34). It’s noted that, the prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic can be separated like that. First, it’s the pro-karyotic cells where the cells are smaller, no nuclear envelope, without nucleolus, without form-ing the nucleus; secondly, the eukaryotic cells where the cells are larger, and it have the nuclear envelope, nucleolus, a true nucleus; thirdly, the prokaryotes, which is comprised by prokaryotic cells constitute biological. Fourthly, the eukaryotes, which is from eukaryotic cells constitute biological. Bifurcations math’s theory According to Manologas (1995) bifurcations studies the characteristics of the bifurca-tion fact and its mechanism of the math theory. Bifurcation fact is a math fact which has all kinds of performance in nature. One parameter of the system is the continuity changing to a critical value, and the system’s global state.For instance, the qualitative properties of topological properties, will change suddenly for some full determination of the nonlinear system. This critical value is called the parameter, the bifurcation value or branch value. The reason why the researchers find this intriguing is that their cause is not in a bifurcation but in a change of the inactive-state concentrations in some bones with complications such as their not being firm. (Manolagas, 1995, pages 67). The systems theory has many strong tools to check and analyze the bifurcations. Researchers found a lot of math models for the regulation of bone reconstruction for the bifurcation properties in the presen t practice. These kinds of tools could be used for understanding the reasons for some kind of complications if it is found they have some relationship with it. Hence, the common models can give a broad prospect of the dynamics of the system, and it offers convenience to the specific models. More significantly, the analysis of the common model discovers dynamical instabilities that are very much related to pathologies of bone reconstruction. In summary, they used the common modeling ways and it permits analyzing models in which the kinetics is not constrained to the specific math functions. The assumption being put forward in the present time produces and extends to the 3D models are quiet if that assumption doesn’t exist; we are shown that it is in two-parameter models with the proposed structure, where the firmness of the inactive state demands that the actions of OPG control over those of RANKL.Those results show that osteoblast precursors have a significant effect on the d ynamics and it ought to be taken into consideration in models. For human kind, the bone reconstruction process is influenced by some different parameters to maintain the bone balance. When the balance is broken, it may result into some different kinds of bone complications , for instance osteoporosis and Paget’s sickness of bone(Di Bernard, Feigin, Hogan & Homer,1999, page 1890). Paget’s sickness is common in the nipples of the elderly females and the surrounding skin, malignant tumors,